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                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
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                <h4 id="浏览器的缓存机制"><a href="#浏览器的缓存机制" class="headerlink" title="浏览器的缓存机制"></a>浏览器的缓存机制</h4><ol>
<li>浏览器的缓存机制，即 http 的缓存；浏览器与服务器之间是浏览器发送 http 请求 =&gt; 服务器响应应答</li>
</ol>
<p>浏览器缓存分为强制缓存和协商缓存;<br>强制缓存：强制缓存就是向浏览器缓存中查找改请求结果，并且根据该结果的缓存规则来决定是否使用该缓存结果的过程；<br>主要分为三种情况：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>1.1：不存在该缓存结果和缓存标识；则直接向服务器发起 http 请求；</p>
</li>
<li><p>1.2：存在该缓存结果和缓存标识；但是缓存结果已经失效；则强制缓存失效，使用协商缓存；</p>
</li>
<li><p>1.3：存在该缓存结果和缓存标识；并且缓存结果并没有失效；则则强制缓存生效，直接使用该缓存结果；</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>控制强制缓存的字段为<strong>Expires</strong>和<strong>Cache-Control</strong>；一般<strong>Expires</strong>是用于 HTTP1.0 中；但是现在浏览器基本都是 HTTP1.1 了；所以基本都是用的<strong>Cache-Control</strong>；并且<strong>Cache-Control</strong>优先级高于<strong>Expires</strong>；</p>
<h6 id="Cache-Control-分为以下几种情况："><a href="#Cache-Control-分为以下几种情况：" class="headerlink" title="Cache-Control 分为以下几种情况："></a>Cache-Control 分为以下几种情况：</h6><p>2.1：<strong>public</strong>：所有内容都讲被缓存；（客户端和代理服务器都可以缓存）<br>2.2：<strong>private</strong> 所有内容只有客户端可以缓存；（Cache-Control 的默认值）<br>2.3：<strong>no-cache</strong>：客户端缓存内容；但是是否使用缓存则需要经过协商缓存来验证决定；<br>2.4：<strong>no-store</strong>：所有内容都不会被缓存；既不使用强制缓存、也不使用协商缓存；<br>2.5：<strong>max-age</strong> = xxxx（缓存内容的过期时间）</p>
<h6 id="强制缓存又根据存放位置分为两种："><a href="#强制缓存又根据存放位置分为两种：" class="headerlink" title="强制缓存又根据存放位置分为两种："></a>强制缓存又根据存放位置分为两种：</h6><h4 id="内存缓存"><a href="#内存缓存" class="headerlink" title="内存缓存"></a>内存缓存</h4><p><strong>内存缓存</strong>:具备两个特性,分别是<strong>快速读取</strong>和<strong>时效性</strong>;</p>
<ul>
<li>快速读取:内存缓存会将编译解析后的文件,直接存入该进程中,占据该进程一定的内存资源,以方便下次运行时快速读取;</li>
<li>时效性:一旦该进程关闭,则该进程的内存会被清空;</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="硬盘缓存"><a href="#硬盘缓存" class="headerlink" title="硬盘缓存"></a>硬盘缓存</h4><p><strong>硬盘缓存</strong>:硬盘缓存则是直接将缓存写入硬盘文件中,读取缓存需要对该缓存存放的硬盘文件进行 I/O 操作,然后重新解析该缓存内容,读取复杂,速度比内存缓存慢;</p>
<p>3.1 <strong>memory Cache</strong>：内存缓存；存放在内存中；当进程结束则内存释放；<br>3.2 <strong>disk Cache</strong>：硬盘缓存；存放在硬盘中；</p>
<ul>
<li>在浏览器中一般 js 文件、包括一些资源、图片是直接存在<strong>memory Cache</strong>中,所以当刷新页面时只需从<code>内存缓存中读取(from memory cache)</code>;</li>
<li>css 文件则存在<strong>disk Cache</strong>中,所以每次渲染页面都需要从<code>硬盘读取缓存(from disk cache)</code>;</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="协商缓存"><a href="#协商缓存" class="headerlink" title="协商缓存"></a>协商缓存</h4><p>协商缓存:<code>就是在强制缓存失效后,浏览器携带缓存标识向服务器发送请求;由服务器根据缓存标识决定是否使用缓存过程;</code></p>
<ul>
<li>协商生效:发送 http 请求,返回 304;资源无更新;则直接使用该浏览器缓存;</li>
<li>协商缓存失败:则重新向服务器请求并重新缓存;</li>
</ul>
<p>协商缓存的控制字段分别为：<strong>Last-Modified</strong> / <strong>If-Modified-Since</strong> / <strong>Etag/ If-None-Match</strong>；<br><strong>Etag/ If-None-Match</strong> 的优先级比 <strong>Last-Modified / If-Modified-Since</strong> 高;</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/08/06/rl6a1QTZ3m78PXw.png" alt="浏览器缓存机制.png"></p>
<p>浏览器缓存补充<br>http 缓存分为四种：<br>依次按照顺序为</p>
<h5 id="1-service-work"><a href="#1-service-work" class="headerlink" title="1.service work"></a>1.service work</h5><h5 id="2-Memory-Cache"><a href="#2-Memory-Cache" class="headerlink" title="2.Memory Cache"></a>2.Memory Cache</h5><h5 id="3-disk-Cache"><a href="#3-disk-Cache" class="headerlink" title="3.disk Cache"></a>3.disk Cache</h5><h5 id="4-push-Catch"><a href="#4-push-Catch" class="headerlink" title="4.push Catch"></a>4.push Catch</h5><p>当依次查询缓存中没有的时候；才会去发送请求；</p>
<p>1.<strong>service work</strong> 是运行在浏览器背后的独立线程；但是使用 <strong>service work</strong> 必须是 https 协议； 4.<strong>push Catch</strong> 是 Http2.0 中的推送缓存；是最后一个被查询的；并且只在回话中存在；当会话结束；则存在的时间很短‘；一般在谷歌浏览器中是 5 分钟左右；</p>
<h4 id="浏览器缓存机制总结"><a href="#浏览器缓存机制总结" class="headerlink" title="浏览器缓存机制总结"></a>浏览器缓存机制总结</h4><p>强制缓存优先于协商缓存进行,若强制缓存(Expires 和 Cache-Control)生效则直接使用缓存,若不生效则进行协商缓存(Last-Moified/If-Modefied-Since/Etag/If-None-Match),协商缓存由服务器决定是否使用缓存,所协商缓存失效,则代表该请求的缓存失效,重新获取请求结果,再存入浏览器缓存中,生效则返回 304,继续使用缓存;</p>
<p>2021.8.6 复习<br>浏览器的缓存分为强制缓存和协商缓存;</p>
<ul>
<li>强制缓存控制字段为 Cache-Control 和 Expires;<br>字段值为</li>
<li>public 客户端和服务器端都缓存</li>
<li>private(私有的),只在客户端进行缓存,默认值</li>
<li>max-age:缓存的有效期时间<br>分为三种情况</li>
<li>无缓存,直接发送请求获取;</li>
<li>缓存生效,则重新请求缓存;</li>
<li>缓存生效,则直接使用缓存;<br>根据存放位置强制缓存又分为两种</li>
<li>内存缓存(memory cache):主要存放 js/图片等资源,所以刷新页面是从内存缓存中读取</li>
<li>硬盘缓存(disk cache):Css 文件是存放在硬盘缓存中,所以渲染页面是从硬盘缓存中读取;</li>
</ul>
<p>协商缓存:当强制缓存失效后,浏览器携带缓存标识去请求服务器;服务器根据缓存标识来判断是否使用缓存过程</p>
<ul>
<li><p>协商缓存生效:发送请求,返回 304;直接使用该浏览器缓存</p>
</li>
<li><p>协商缓存失败:重新请求服务器并重新缓存;</p>
<p>2021.8.9 复习协商缓存<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/08/09/y9LeHDu4CWMgwFh.png" alt="协商缓存.png"><br>服务器是根据请求头上的<code>资源标识</code>去判断协商缓存的;</p>
<ul>
<li>Last- Modifined(资源上次修改时间)</li>
<li>ETag(资源对应的唯一字符串)</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/08/09/GwPHOXV9YDBbMac.png" alt="Last-Modifined.png"><br>请求头上的资源标识是<code>If-Modefined-Since</code>,如果不是最新资源,服务器返回 200 状态码,响应头是<code>Last-Modifined</code>,最新资源和新的资源标识;<br>如果是最新的资源,服务器返回 304,直接从缓存中拿取资源;</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/08/09/pPQAJumyodzXHOV.png" alt="协商缓存-ETag.png"><br>请求头上的资源标识是<code>If-None-Match</code>,如果不是最新资源,服务器返回 200 状态码,响应头是<code>Etag</code>,最新资源和新的资源标识;<br>如果是最新的资源,服务器返回 304,直接从缓存中拿取资源;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="Last-Modefined-和-ETag-对比"><a href="#Last-Modefined-和-ETag-对比" class="headerlink" title="Last-Modefined 和 ETag 对比"></a>Last-Modefined 和 ETag 对比</h4><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/08/09/Svj78GQFtzxyrsP.png" alt="last-Modefined和ETag比较.png"><br>优先使用 ETag</p>
<h4 id="浏览器的渲染机制"><a href="#浏览器的渲染机制" class="headerlink" title="浏览器的渲染机制"></a>浏览器的渲染机制</h4><p>浏览器的渲染机制</p>
<ul>
<li>浏览器获取到一个 html 文件时;会自上而下的解析;<ul>
<li>构建 DOM 树:读取 html 文档 =&gt; 将字节转化成字符 =&gt; 确定 tokens（标签） =&gt; 将 token 转化成节点 =&gt; 以节点构建 DOM 树<br>构建 DOM 树的过程中如果遇到了 js;则会阻塞 DOM 树的构建；先解析 JS 文件;</li>
<li>构建 CSS OM 树:读取 CSS 文档 =&gt; 将字节转化成字符 =&gt; 确定 tokens（标签） =&gt; 将 token 转化成节点 =&gt; 以节点构建 CSS OM 树</li>
<li>将 DOM 树和 CSS OM 树结合成 render Tree（渲染树）;</li>
<li>触发重排:reflow（也做回流）和重绘：repaint;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="浏览器解析-CSS-和-JS-有什么不同吗？"><a href="#浏览器解析-CSS-和-JS-有什么不同吗？" class="headerlink" title="浏览器解析 CSS 和 JS 有什么不同吗？"></a>浏览器解析 CSS 和 JS 有什么不同吗？</h4><p>当浏览器解析 HTML 文件时,是自上而下的过程;<br>如果在加载过程中遇到了 CSS 文件,浏览器会发送一个请求,去获取 CSS 文件和响应的图片;<strong>这个请求是异步的</strong>,不影响 HTML 文件的加载;</p>
<p>但是如果是遇到 javaScript 文件,HTML 文件会挂起渲染的进程,等待 javaScript 文件加载完毕后,再进行渲染;</p>
<h4 id="为什么-HTML-要等待-javaScript-呢？"><a href="#为什么-HTML-要等待-javaScript-呢？" class="headerlink" title="为什么 HTML 要等待 javaScript 呢？"></a>为什么 HTML 要等待 javaScript 呢？</h4><p>因为 javaScript 可能会修改 DOM,导致后续 HTML 资源白白的加载,所以 HTML 必须等待 javaScript 文件加载完毕后,再进行渲染;这也是 javaScript 文件要写在底部 body 标签下的原因;</p>
<p>拓展：<strong>setTimeout</strong> 和 <strong>setInterval</strong> 的区别：<br><strong>setTimeout</strong>：定时器，只执行一次；<strong>setTimeout（fn,200）</strong>;200 毫秒后执行函数 fn；并且只执行这一次；<br><strong>setInterval</strong>：延迟器，定期执行这一段代码；会一直重复执行；</p>
<p>2021.8.24 补充<br>Http 缓存<br>强制缓存和协商缓存<br>强制缓存 （1.0 通过 Expires 字段控制,1.1 以后则是通过 cache-Control 字段控制 1.当无资源缓存标识,则请求服务器重新发送资源并缓存 2.当在缓存有效期内，则直接从浏览器缓存中拿资源,form merory 或者 disk 3.当有缓存标识但是已经过期了则使用协商缓存</p>
<p>协商缓存 1.协商缓存 http 1.0 版本是通过 last-Modefined 控制,1.1 以后则是通过 Etag 字段控制 1.请求的时候发送 Etag 和服务器的对比,当 Etag 一致,则返回 304 直接从浏览器缓存中拿资源;如果 Etag 不一致，则服务器重新发送最新的资源和 Eta</p>

                
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